Da li ste već videli trolejbus br. 22 koji od 01. jula ove godine, pa narednih 12 meseci, nosi beogradskim ulicama istu ovu poruku o odgovornosti izvršioca za počinjeno nasilje i viziju budućnosti da o nasilju naučimo u redovnom školovanju, da možemo da ga prepoznamo i suprotstavimo se? U Srbiji, Ministarstvo prosvete nosi odgovornost da nam kao građankama i građanima omogući da učimo o nasilju koje nas pogađa.
Roditelji nas često pitaju kojim rečima uopšte da kažu detetu da je - samim tim što je dete - pod rizikom od nasilja. Ili, obratili ste se svom lekaru, socijalnom radniku, tužiocu, policajcu ili nastavniku za pomoć jer ste izloženi nasilju i mislite da „on zna". Međutim, činjenica je da nije o temi nasilja nad decom i ženama učio u školi i njegova diploma ne sadrži ta znanja. Nije bilo, i do danas nema te lekcije u udžbeniku - na sistemski način, rešeno. A vi ste u sebi prevalili dug put i rešili da svoju muku izložite sa puno poverenja. I ne slutite da on to ni ne može da zna. I stručnjak i roditelj i dete su praznih ruku pred pretnjom i opasnošću. Tu Ministarstvo prosvete može da pomogne.
U istom ovom trenutku, Incest Trauma Centar - Beograd je na zahtev Ministarstva za rad, zapošljavanje i socijalnu politiku Republike Srbije, za potrebe sačinjavanja novog državnog dokumenta, Nacrta Nacionalne strategije za sprečavanje suzbijanje nasilja nad ženama i nasilja u porodici predao sažetak statističkih podataka Incest Trauma Centra - Beograd koji se tiču prijavljenih slučajeva seksualnog nasilja preživljenog u detinjstvu sa teritorije Srbije u periodu 1994-2009 godine*.
Baza podataka Incest Trauma Centra - Beograd pokazuje da su od petoro dece koja su seksualno zlostavljana, četvoro ženskog pola i jedno muškog pola. Polna struktura počinilaca seksualnog zlostavljanja dece je sledeća: u 91.84% u pitanju su osobe muškog pola i 8.16% ženskog pola. U 39.79% počinilac seksualnog nasilja nad detetom je biološki otac (najčešći vid incesta je otac-kćerka), dok je u 53.07% počinilac figura oca (zbirno, redosledom učestalosti: otac, očuh, hranitelj, usvojitelj). U 17.52% počinilac je osoba van porodice poznata detetu (porodični prijatelj, komšija, „privatni" profesor), dok su 6.83% činili maloletni počinioci seksualnog nasilja (prevashodno zlostavljanje unutar porodice, a zatim unutar ustanova socijalne zaštite gde su deca na trajnom smeštaju). U periodu 1994-2004, u 1.75% počinilac je bio N.N. osoba (nepoznata detetu), a u periodu 2005-2009, 100% počinilaca su bile osobe poznate detetu. Korišćene su sledeće nasilne seksualne radnje: opsceni telefonski pozivi, pokazivanje inače pokrivenih delova tela, voajerizam, milovanje, snimanje pornografskih fotografija, pokušaj da se obavi seksualni odnos, silovanje, incest i dečija prostitucija. Iako je najčešće zlostavljanje vršeno prema jednom detetu od strane jednog počionioca i jedan počinilac je najčešće zlostavljao jedno dete, neophodno je obratiti pažnju na to da je jedno dete bilo zlostavljano od strane 2 i više počinilaca u 14.11% i da je jedan počinilac zlostavljao dvoje dece u 7.39% i troje i više dece (serije) u 11.96%. Uzrast prvog incidenta seksualnog nasilja je u proseku 8 godina i 1 mesec. Trajanje je zabeleženo kao višemesečno u 28.76% i višegodišnje 71.24%. Višegodišnje zlostavljanje je u proseku iznosilo iznad pet godina. Fizička prinuda je korišćena u 18.10% i to prema adolescentima. U 42.57% prijavljivanje je izvršeno iz akutne situacije (seksualno nasilje u toku). Period između prvog incidenta zlostavljanja i prijavljivanja iznosi 9 godina i 3 meseca. Prijavu seksualnog nasilja su najčešće izvršili: u 38.43% sama osoba koja je preživela i majka deteta u 28.62%. Osobe van porodice su seksualno nasilje nad detetom prijavile u 4.27%. Obraćanje državnim ustanovama pre dolaska u Incest Trauma Centar - Beograd je zabeleženo u 51.88% i to su, prema redosledu učestalosti, ustanove: CSR, policija, zdravstvo, tužilaštvo i dr.
AKO VAM JE VAŽNO DA ZAŠTITITE DETE KOJE VOLITE, VAŠE UČEŠĆE PUTEM REAKCIJA MOŽE POMOĆI DA SE POTREBA ZA UČENJEM O OVOM OZBILJNOM DRUŠTVENOM PROBLEMU GROMOGLASNO ČUJE.
* Uzorak je reprezentativan i zasnovan na proseku od 9 prijavljenih slučajeva seksualnog nasilja nedeljno. Uzrast osoba koje su preživele seksualno nasilje u detinjstvu se kreće od 6 meseci do 49 godina. Navedeni podaci predstavljaju prosek u naznačenom periodu za redovno praćene parametre. Podaci su objavljivani na godišnjoj osnovi. Za različite ranije periode, korišćeni su za nacionalna dokumenta i analize Ministarstva za rad, zapošljavanje i socijalnu politiku RS i Saveta za prava deteta Vlade RS. U pisanju Nacrta Nacionalne strategije za sprečavanje suzbijanje nasilja nad ženama i nasilja u porodici učestvuje dr. Ljiljana Bogavac, zamenica direktorke Incest Trauma Centra - Beograd. Pogledati www.incesttraumacentar.org.rs
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A VISION OF OUR FUTURE - COMBAT SEXUAL ASSAULT BY KNOWLEDGE!
Another school year, 2010/2011, from nursery school to university, has started without a regular curriculum on the topic of sexual violence against children and women. This September it will have been three years since the official beginning of the campaign against sexual violence launched by the Incest Trauma Center - Belgrade "The Me Nobody Knows", which has now achieved national coverage. Following seventeen years of our continual activities as a specialized service for the social problem of sexual violence, which, judging by the reports, primarily affects children within the families, we are immensely confident that the citizens have perfect understanding of the fact that the sensitive issues concerning the family simply must be openly discussed and that help must be sought beyond shame. Because accountability, shame and disgrace rest exclusively with the sex offender.
Have you seen yet the trolleybus noº 22 which, as of 1st July this year, will be bearing the very same message for the next 12 months in the streets of Belgrade, emphasizing the perpetrators' accountability and offering a vision of the future where violence will be part of the regular syllabi, so that we could recognize it and counter it? In Serbia, it is the responsibility of the Ministry of Education to make learning about the violence affecting the citizens broadly available.
The parents often ask us how to explain to their children that the very fact they are children makes them vulnerable to violence. Or, you address your doctor, social worker, public prosecutor, policeman or teacher for help because you are exposed to violence and you think that "they know". However, the fact is that they did not have any education about the issue of violence against children and women at school, nor does their diploma comprise any knowledge in this sphere. The textbooks did not contain a single teaching unit relative to this topic, nor has it been introduced in a systematic way so far. But you have decided, after great deliberation, to disclose your troubles with a lot of trust. And you do not know that they lack that knowledge. The expert, the parent and the child are empty handed in the face of the threat and danger. This is where the Ministry of Education can step in.
At the same time, the Incest Trauma Center - Belgrade has, at the request of the Ministry of Labor and Social Affairs of the Republic of Serbia, submitted a summary of the statistical data of the Incest Trauma Center - Belgrade concerning the reported cases of Childhood Sexual Assault in the territory of Serbia in the period 1994-2009*, requisite in the preparation of a new state document, the Draft of the National Strategy for preventing and combating violence against women and domestic violence. The data base of the Incest Trauma Center - Belgrade indicates that four out of five sexually abused children are females and one is male. The gender structure of the perpetrators of sexual abuse of children is the following: in 91.84% of the cases the perpetrator is a male as compared to 8.16% female offenders. In 39.79% the perpetrator of child sexual abuse is the biological father (the most frequent form of incest being father-daughter), whereas in 53.07% of the cases the offender is a father figure (in total, in order of frequency: father, stepfather, foster parent, adoptive parent). In 17.52% of cases, the offender is a person outside the family familiar to the child (a family friend, a neighbor, a "private" teacher), with 6.83% offenders of sexual violence being minors (primarily in cases of abuse within the family, followed by those in institutions of social protection, where the children are in permanent care). In the period 1994-2004, in 1.75% of cases, the offender was unknown (a person unfamiliar to the child), and in the period 2005-2009, 100% of offenders were persons familiar to the child. The following violent sexual acts were committed: obscene telephone calls, showing of private parts, voyeurism, fondling, taking pornographic pictures, attempted sexual intercourse, rape, incest and child prostitution. Although the abuse was usually committed by a single offender against one child, i.e. one child was usually abused by one offender, attention must be drawn to the fact that one child was abused by 2 or more offenders in 14.11% of the cases and that one offender abused two children in 7.39%, and three or more children (serially) in 11.96% of the cases respectively. The average age when the first incident of sexual assault took place is 8 years and 1 month. The duration was recorded as lasting several months in 28.76% of cases and several years in 71.24% of cases. The duration of the average year-long abuse lasted for more than five years. Physical coercion was present in 18.10% of the cases, all of which involved adolescents. In 42.57% of the cases, reporting resulted from acute situations (ongoing sexual assault). The period between the first incident of abuse and reporting is 9 years and 3 months. The person reporting sexual assault was, in order of frequency: in 38.43% of the case, the survivor of sexual assault personally and in 28.62% the child's mother. Persons outside the family reported sexual assault in 4.27% of the cases. Addressing state institutions before reporting to the Incest Trauma Center - Belgrade was recorded in 51.88% of the cases, those being, in order of frequency: social welfare centers, the police, health institutions, the prosecutor's office, etc.
IF IT IS IMPORTANT TO YOU TO PROTECT A CHILD YOU LOVE, YOUR PARTICIPATION IN THE FORM OF REACTIONS CAN HELP TO RAISE VOICES ABOUT THE NEED TO SPEAK UP ABOUT THIS SERIOUS SOCIAL PROBLEM.
* The sample is representative and based on an average of 9 reported cases of sexual violence per week. The age of survivors of sexual violence in their childhood is between 6 months and 49 years. The cited data represents the average values in the given period for regularly monitored parameters. The data was published on annual basis. In different earlier periods, it was used for national documents and analysis of the Ministry of Labor and Social Policy of RS, and the Council for Children's Rights in the Government of RS. Dr Ljiljana Bogavac, Deputy Director of the Incest Trauma Center - Belgrade participates in the preparation of the Draft of the National Strategy for Combating Violence against Women and Domestic Violence. See www.incesttraumacentar.org.rs