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Srbija 2020

To Kosovo and back

“Remember, if you get into trouble, just yell, ‘Živela Srbija.’ It’s better to go out with a bang,” a friend of mine remarked in jest as I left his apartment on my way to the station to catch a bus down to Kosovo. “I would tell you ‘lepo se provedi,’” his roommate added with a wink, “but I know you’re going to Priština.”

Quite honestly, I was nervous about the trip. Since my arrival last fall I had wanted to see the province I had heard so much about, and an Albanian friend in Priština had extended an open invitation, but the occasional reports over the last six months or so of bombed UN or OSCE vehicles troubled me a bit, as did the idea of my unnecessary American presence further complicating an already precarious situation. But when three American students called me to say they were heading down to Kosovo two weeks ago, I decided to join them.

The four of us arrived at the Kosovo border at two in the morning and were greeted by a Kosovar Albanian guard. Seeing our American passports he shook our hands and one after another looked us in the eye and said, “God bless America.” And as he turned to walk down the bus aisle, he looked back and said, “You are always welcome in Kosovo.”

Once in Priština we met my friend Enis and his roommate, both students studying in the capital city. Together we wandered around town, past large shiny UN, OSCE, and EU buildings, old mosques, a strip of tastefully decorated cafés under the shade of chestnut trees, and a book fair.

The city’s walls were covered with the slogan “Jo Negociata. Vetevendosje” (No Negotiations. Self-determination), uniformly stenciled in black and red. From the city’s taller buildings hung giant posters of men who stood for a free Kosovo: the first President of Kosovo Ibrahim Rugova, one-time KLA commander Adem Jashari, and former US President Bill Clinton, who smiles and waves to the passersby on Bil Klinton Blvd.

Referencing Rugova, Enis said, “He was our president.” Referencing Jashari his roommate said, “He was our legend. What he did, Kosovo really needed.” And in regards to Clinton, they asked what we thought. I for one wasn’t sure what to make of it. I had expected that to be in a place where America is revered would be easier than to be in one where it is hated, but the hand shake, the “God bless America,” and the giant face of Bill were all too much. Someone was manipulating someone here, but whether it was the Albanians sucking America into their battle or America twisting the battle into a tool of imperialism guised as freedom, I couldn’t say. Enis said the people of Kosovo hung the poster of Bill to show their appreciation for what he had done. “He’s a really good man I think. Hillary, I’m not so sure, but Bill Clinton is a really great man.”

Conversation eventually turned to Belgrade. Enis had been to the Serbian capital, and, with the exception of a story of a cab driver who cursed him for being Albanian, he had only good things to say. His roommate, however, had never been further than Montenegro. He asked me again and again what the city was like - How are the people there? Does it look like Priština? Do the women dress as provocatively?

I told him the people I knew in Belgrade were great and would give him no problems if he were to come, but that my knowledge was only based on my limited circle of friends. I told him it was like Priština but much bigger. And I told him yes, the girls dress provocatively, even more so than in Kosovo.

He said he was scared of Belgrade. He wanted to go to renew his Serbian passport - apparently in some cases it’s actually easier to travel with Serbian documents than with the UN issued travel papers - but he said he was afraid, not so much of the Serbs from Belgrade but of the Serbs from Kosovo who had moved to Belgrade. He told me a story about his father who went to Niš not long ago. He said he ran into an old friend from his town who had moved there during the war. The friend was drunk, and a police officer, and his father was terrified. He ended the story there.

The next day we left Priština, and the four of us headed down to Prizren in the very south of Kosovo. A striking contrast to Priština with its jumbled, concrete facades, Prizren bore the regional standards: cobblestone streets, low roofed storefronts, and a centuries-old fort high up on a nearby hill. Yet unlike its Serbian counterparts of Niš or Novi Pazar, this southern town was filled with soldiers and razor wire - the first eating ice cream and the second guarding sights of Serbian Orthodox cultural heritage.

After a night in Prizren we headed west to Dečan to see the monastery tucked into the hills just outside the town. Visoki Dečani Monastery is one of the many Serbian Orthodox religious sights that dot this southern province with their beautiful frescoes, long-bearded monks, and high-security international protection. Back in March an explosion was heard from the monastery, and officials later concluded it was a grenade detonated as a warning to the monks and international forces based there.

The story weighed heavily in my mind as we climbed out of the bus that dropped us off in the center of Dečan across from a park decorated with six Albanian flags. According to Martti Ahtisaari’s proposal, Kosovo will get its own flag soon, but for now it continues to use the flag of Albania with its deep red background framing the black silhouette of a two-headed eagle. The black and red of the flags alone bore a sinister air, and that they marked the fact that we were entering an Albanian village in order to see a great Serbian sight left me all the more unsettled.

Hailing a taxi, we started up the tree-lined road to the monastery. Half a kilometer short of our destination we came to the KFOR guard post with a glass booth on the right and a well-protected guardhouse on the left. The road was blocked with large cement cones forcing oncoming cars to slowly wind their way toward the station. They took our passports. All the guards carried very large guns.

After a long ten minutes they let us into the monastery. Passing through the large archway in the wall that surrounded the compound was like entering a different world. The lawn was green and filled with a large crowd of children intermixed with parents, robed monks, and KFOR soldiers. It was spasovdan, the day of ascension. They were having a picnic.

We remained for half an hour then returned to town. I was relieved to have again put some distance between myself and the monastery’s world of intensely contradictory sights with its children and soldiers, its picnic coolers and guard posts.

Dečani Monastery was our last stop in Kosovo, and from there I made my way back to Belgrade. When I returned, I was surprised by how many questions I received about a place that in some ways appeared no different from the rest of Southern Serbia. What do the people look like? Do they dress like people here? What does Priština look like? What languages did you hear? The questions went on and on but were the same from everyone. An older friend of mine explained her questioning by relaying her childhood experience of the place. Her family regularly drove from Greece to Montenegro, passing through Kosovo on the way. “My dad would never let us out of the car to pee,” she said, “We just zipped right through every time. So many years and we never stopped.”

In the end, the strangest aspect of my trip was not the soldiers with their guns, the ever-present razor wire, nor Bill’s large grinning face. But rather, it was passing from one void of ignorance into another and back again that left me confounded about the place and its possible futures. How is it that I, an outsider for whom the issue of Kosovo matters little, could freely walk where the people of Serbia cannot, or choose not, and that I could returned to a city where the people of Kosovo fear to journey?

Over the last decade, my country may have demonstrated a willingness to act the part of the all-knowing middleman, the go-between for two sides incredibly alike in their daily lives and in their half-knowledge of one other, but I for one am not prepared for that role. Yet in my trip, and in this blog, that’s exactly the role I have managed played.

Someone is manipulating someone here.


DID YOUR COUNTRY

demonstrated a willingness to act the part of the all-knowing middleman in Iraq?


I like your story.

I like your story.


Is "America twisting the

Is "America twisting the battle into a tool of imperialism guised as freedom?"


BY THE WAY

when is america going to sign kyoto agreement?


What a ride

Thank you for taking us to Kosovo with you, virtually. Thank you for this unaffordable journey through the land and thoughts. One feels some unseen forces in your every sentence.


@jelena

host is giving up on us. shall we have a party on our own? let me check vino. would you prefer glass of white or red?


sky

I don't drink, but I’ll join in once we all have something to celebrate. As of yet, there is nothing except swimming and keeping the head above the water. But if you insist, I'll sacrifice and take a glass of either kind.


good one lucy

makes you think... for all it matters....


for all it matters??????

do you mean does it matter to all people involved?


Great Article

Great article and great observation! While I have not been to post-'87 Kosovo, I have observed a similar pattern of ignorance of one another between Serbia and other ex-YU republics, especially among younger generations (in their 20's).

To find true understood of each other, I think you'd have to go back at least a generation.

So long as this pattern of willful(?) ignorance continues, it will be hard to have any kind of peace. Ironically, as you noted, young people are anxious to find out more about each other, but they're being kept in the dark.

I'd expand your conclusion - Everyone is manipulating everyone here.


@old timer

it's not that you are old timer but your views are old time as well. if you read most of the blogs on B92 you would know that many people agree that kososvo is lost a long time ago so there is no need to rub it in.
is lucy trying to bring something new with her blog?
NO.
i think she is trying to score a few points in your club how open and clever she is by virtue of simply being american.


@SVEZNAJUCI

da li imas ovaj link na engleskom?


mislio sam da znas

mislio sam da znas srpski..mrzi me da kucam na englishu,ali samo jedna rec..jednonacionalno trovanje.albanian fake poisoning!!!


Sky

The city

Quote:
Together we wandered around town, past large shiny UN, OSCE, and EU buildings ...

At Kosovo, who built most of the things that resemble the western civilization? Were that Albanians ... you whish, for the sake of future.


@simpson

western civilization?
i thought it was uner ottoman empire or more precisly turkish empire.
do you remember the country you dont wont be part of EC?


Just a hint ....

nothing more.


@sveznajuci

posalji mi na srpskom


Here you are a poem There is

Here you are a poem

There is one gang-land
Kosovo is name of that
Hunting time is open there
Serbian people are hunted Everywhere
Why are you silent USA
Why are you silent USA..


@SIMPSON

you thought it is very significant point to make otherwise why did you make it?


It may be significant :)

I really do hope that I'm wrong. As far as it can be seen, our neighbors still live in the tribal communities, with most of the efforts to change this done since '45 still remaining ineffective. This is the fact, since this effort was done, also, from the side of the Alb friendly nations in the previous SFRJ - and even that did not help them to brake out the tribal deadlock. Not to mention constructive influence of Serbia that did exists in some (if not the most) extent.


Well Simpson,

Quote:
I really do hope that I'm wrong. As far as it can be seen, our neighbors still live in the tribal communities, with most of the efforts done since '45 still remaining ineffective. This is the fact, since this effort was done, also, from the side of the Alb friendly nations in the previous SFRJ - and even that did not help them to brake out the tribal deadlock. Not to mention constructive influence of Serbia that did exists in some (if not the most) extent.

I think that your comment describes the core of the Albanian-Serbian problem, or should I be more specific in addressing your comment and call it “the Serbian problem with Albanians"? However, apart from the fact that your blunt remark about our “tribal neighbours” could be understood as offensive or ignorant (or at least politically incorrect), the main problem in Serbian society is that terribly wrong perception of Albanian people that you have managed to describe in just a few sentences.

Nevertheless, your comment should not be ignored, in fact, your description of “constructive influence of Serbia” should be taken very seriously as it represents the opinion of majority of Serbian population. So my point is, if one wants to analyse this existing problem between two nations, one should always be reminded that Serbian perception of Albanian culture is full of ignorance and miss-interpretation as we (Serbs), generally speaking, do not just have a common understanding with Albanians but we can not even recognise Albanians as civilised people.


Good hopes

I never mentioned the sintagm "tribal neighbors", I said "neighbors that live in the tribal communities" which does not in any wat imply that they are not civilized (which would be blunt thing to say).

Extent of the civilized life on Kosovo throughout the history, in relation to it's population, is yet another subject.


sorry simpson,

"I never mentioned the sintagm "tribal neighbors", I said "neighbors that live in the tribal communities" which does not in any wat imply that they are not civilized (which would be blunt thing to say)."

But I still don't get your point. People who live in tribal communities can be called "tribal people" because when you say "tribal people" you mean that those people live in tribal communities. Does that make sense?

Tribal community consists of a social group that existed before the development of state, so because it existED before modern society, this social unit called tribe could be named "primitive" (or "not-civilised" if you like). I suggest you open a dictionary and look for the word.

Ok? Do you see now what you've done wrong?


That is the

interpretation that I hoped to avoid.

Quote:
this social unit called tribe could be named "primitive" (or "not-civilized" if you like)

If the matter was straightforward as you suggested (regarding direct implication of primitivism from the type of social unit people live in), this would solve a lot of problems in the first place.

Actually, here (by this I mean not only our country) you have a mixture of modern and relict types of social units (tribal, early peoples states, young nations, ...). So, consequently, you have people that, in reality, live in one type of social unit, but also have had opportunity to be in contact with the other bit advanced types of social life (not only some of Albanians).

I think that it is possible that you have people who actually live in tribal communities, and yet are in some extent incorporated in some more advanced types of social units (some time spent in city, or abroad). This is, maybe, some kind of transition. For some people it takes less time, for some bit more, ... for some indefinitely.

So, my point is that Albanians are thaking much longer time to perform this transition , when compared to other people on Balkans, and this is the fact. No stories about some urban population can change the fact that the centuries have passed (and several different states and regimes), yet thay are slow to transform their relict social units, in general. Not to mention the side effects, that are causing problems not only to macedonians, serbs ... but to Germany, France, ... even USA on it's home soil.


Too much time in Belgrade?

"I had expected that to be in a place where America is revered would be easier than to be in one where it is hated, but the hand shake, the “God bless America,” and the giant face of Bill were all too much. Someone was manipulating someone here, but whether it was the Albanians sucking America into their battle or America twisting the battle into a tool of imperialism guised as freedom, I couldn’t say"

A clear sign you been spending too much time in Belgrade.
Can we now assume that you would prefer to see a giant statue of GW being burned instead?


Lucy your approach is

Lucy your approach is interesting in some way but to be completely honest with you I'm not sure I buy into it. The premise being that you come as a 'blank page'.

I am merely saying that you are portraying somebody - somebody that surely exists, there are quite a few living in the US, but not you.

An example? I'm certain you knew how popular the United States is and Americans are in Kosovo. You must have heard all about the street names and statues and yet write as if this has come as some surprise when you do visit.
And of course you know that the US position is not anything like a 'middleman' - although, as you noted, you are playing the role more adeptly.

Its almost as if whilst you write you cant get out of your mind the well intentioned (but slightly ingnorant) US citizen who is meant to read the text. Of course I may be wrong and it could be that you truly knew very little about Kosovo before your recent visit.

Perhaps you are writing all of this with a book in mind? I'm certain that Americans would be interested (and equally skeptical) about the worship of Clinton and things American. You will have to find an additional hook that will appeal to a US publisher though.

Maybe its not relevant to this piece but you might want to look up the controversial flag issue on Kosovo. Kosovo will likely get its own flag but some Kosovo Albanians are very unhappy about this.

By the way I particularly liked the detail about the father never letting his family out of the car to pee. That kind of behaviour is typical of the rather bastardised Serbian view of Kosovo.

best...


re pit stops

i see that merely as a hygienic precaution...

had you ever set your foot into an average loo in kosovo, hotels exempted, you wouldnt categorize it as bastardised view...

im not saying here that some people were not scared to death, due to them being misinformed, to step out of the car, but basically if you have ladies in the car they would be much better off holding it till you get anywhere north of mitrovica


'I see that merely as a

'I see that merely as a hygienic precaution'

That thought didnt even occur to me must admit. Although I disagree with you strongly if you are suggesting that the toilets were any worse in Kosovo than they were in the rest of southern Serbia or inland montenegro. The story wasnt so different in Croatia either if you go back a few years. Thus if it was a hygenic comment then surely best hold it in until you get home rather than hold it until you leave Kosovo. But kudos to Lucy for using the line because it obviously means different things to different people.

On the other hand if one is using Kosovo in ones brain as a synonym for backward or primative or if one considers those that argue in favour of Kosovo being Serbian etc as being somehow not urban or 'civlised' enough - well its not difficult to conclude that some bastardisation is going on.


true bg,

all of them are just plain disgusting but if you realy need to categorize it in sanitary way, those in kosovo are at the bottom on the list hands down. imagine 'the worst toilet in scotland' , multiply by any large number...

for the last statement, the wording is important... if you are using it as a synonym for primitive, thats , well, at least biased opinion.
but if you just make a statement that kosovo is , to some extent, more primitive , or backward, than any given country or region, i dont see a problem here...
because it probably is.


Lucy,

You hit the nail on the head! It amazes me that we have learned absolutely nothing from the carnage and destruction of the 1990s. I am referring specifically to your apt phrase, "void of ignorance". That is exactly how the flames of hatred were whipped up- on all sides - before and during the wars in Croatia and Bosnia. Each group (nation) had built almost impenetrable walls of seclusion around it, monopolizing the dissemination of information which, in turn, enabled the politicians in charge to press on with their extreme version of domestic propaganda, thickly clad in layers of chauvinism and xenophobia. As if overnight, all lines of communication between Serbs and Croats, Croats and Muslims, Muslims and Serbs... were cut off, leaving us with the official mantra that only our side was right and that the enemy was 100% wrong. At a time when dialogue was needed the most, we chose monologue. The consequences of such choice need no comment.
And so it is today with Kosovo. How utterly depressing to know that since 1981 (and that was 8 years before Milosevic's "triumphant" speech at Kosovo Polje!) there has not been a single attempt at forging a joint solution to the problem. Or just reaching out to the other side in good faith and jump-starting the much needed dialogue. But, no, it was not meant to be. The Kosovo knot was - and still is - a one way street, or, rather, two one-way streets. "We" have a plan for Kosovo, and so do "they". The two plans are incompatible and that's the end of the story! No, sireee, we won't budge! It's an either/or proposition, no room for compromise here.
Deja vu, many times over in these parts: a never ending exercise in nationalist chest-thumping and political futility.


This is an excellent demo of effectiveness of propaganda

Most of what both Albanians and Serbs think of each other are franchised ideas, manufactured and wholesale fed to them, each side geting slightly different PR. Their sincerety is true but irrelevant, in the sense that another few short years of a different propaganda could make them love each other and suck each others dicks. It's only a question of priorities and profitability of such indoctrination enterprise.

Talking with these people is pointless - it's like trying to talk to a tape recorder. Most of them have no innate opinions, they just play back. If you want to change something you need money and time to modify the master copy.

But at the same time this is good news, as this "proverbial" hatred can be fixed with the strategical investment of probably less than $20m over 3-4 years. There just has to be an investor who would profit from this serb-albanian infatuation.


As always Soylent

As always Soylent, effective, cynical and to the point! :) Bravo! :)


I knew someone

who had made strategical investment in someone elses infatuation and hoped for the profit.
That person died poor.


And I know

too many of those who made the same kind of investment and continued to reap hefty profit from it even after death!
Talk about other people's infatuation? Let me count the ways you can make a buck out of it: infatuation with celebrities of all stripes, fashion, status symbols... Invest early and you'll be a rich man!

Yo, how's Kamala, man?


She is doing great !!!

Thank you for asking.
By the way, I know the guy who has made that kind of investment you mentioned above. Milos is his name. He invested early and he is rich now as you say... But, he is also very sad. He can't make his girl happy. If you know what I mean....


In time,

all those are the same as the one I knew....
In time....


"You are always welcome in Kosovo"

The four of us arrived at the Kosovo border at two in the morning and were greeted by a Kosovar Albanian guard. Seeing our American passports he shook our hands and one after another looked us in the eye and said, “God bless America.” And as he turned to walk down the bus aisle, he looked back and said, “You are always welcome in Kosovo.”

Oh?

In August 2006 my wife and I visited Kosovo in our private auto. I am a U.S.-born American citizen with a name that could be either Serbian or Croatian; my wife is a U.S. citizen with an Irish name. At the time, I also had valid OSCE credentials (non-Kosovo). When we reached the Kosovo border, we were detained for a long time while the border guards scrutinized my passport and grilled me about my heritage in every way they could think of. In every way I could think of, I replied neutrally. It was not a pleasant chat, it was menacing. They didn't ask my wife a single thing about her ethnicity. It took us a long time to finally be admitted.

Not long after we entered Kosovo, we were waved over by Kosovo police. We had done nothing wrong. Upon seeing my name - and despite my U.S. passport and OSCE credentials - they confiscated all of my documents and refused to let us continue. Again I was hostilely interrogated about my heritage: "Serb? Serb? You must be Serb." And, again, they didn't say a word to my wife. After ten minutes, and after a heated discussion and threat to telephone OSCE headquarters, they let us go. My wife was shaking as we drove away.

This is how an American citizen was treated by Kosovo officials less than one year ago! I'm terrified to think what would would have happened to me with a different passport and without OSCE credentials for protection, given that even these weren't enough to protect us from official harassment. The idea, repeated often in the news and official pronouncements, that Kosovo is a democratic entity commited to equal rights for all is a sad joke. God help the non-Albanians there when it gains official autonomy.


"Official autonomy"

You mean, independence, for sure?


while I totally believe your

while I totally believe your story and am sure it is representative of what goes on down there on a daily basis, you would have a bit more credibility if you had registered more than a few hours ago!


oldtimer,

"...you would have a bit more credibility if you had registered more than a few hours ago!"

And what is that got to do with anything? So what if he's just been registered?

Btw, what happen to lucy? She opened this blog and didn't send any reply so far.

bez veze, totally :{

good night lucy, it's been a great pleasure talking to you.


Don't worry, that is her

Don't worry, that is her M.O. - write and forget :)


Writes and Reads...

that's my M. O.
And I'm not the only one who read the comments here - you don't need my responses to validate what you write. When will you guys ever learn... ;)


No problemo... but, just

No problemo... but, just write "Lucy is here" from time to time so that we know you are watching us... :)


He's right

He's right. You should engage in the discussion. That's what blogs are all about...


blog cred

Often times people sign up a second user just to post a single comment, either to hide who they are, or to make it look like there are more users with the same opinion... you know what I'm talking about...


Sigh.

Oldtajmer, you've been registered for 32 weeks and 5 days. Wow - that makes you credible. Tell you what, I'll come back and re-post my comment in 32 weeks and 6 days if that will make you happy. This is exactly why I usually don't register to post comments on blogs - one wastes too much time responding to this kind of thing.

If you'd like a scan of the passport stamp I received entering Kosovo last August, send me a note and I'll mail it to you. Otherwise, that's as much time as I care to spend on this thread. Thanks and cheers.


I said I don't doubt your

I said I don't doubt your story is true. You know what I described goes on a lot, so don't play dumb.


“USA: Free Country”

Dear getz011. there are many parallels that can be drawn between Kosovo and the US in regards to the Albanian suspicious attitude toward the Serbs entering Kosovo. While I deeply feel bad that things have come to this point where neighbors do not trust each other, that is a different story. I think we all know how that came to be.
However, considering that Serbs (I do not mean to generalize) still cause problems in Kosovo, to the war-traumatized Albanians, such as Mitrovica where you have to take off your Kosovo car plates if you want to escape without a bullet thru your car windshield, Albanians do have all the reasons to be wary of them.

Let’s look at the situation in our country, USA. I am ashamed with the American prejudice against the muslims. I have spoken to many of them, and just to hear about their treatment and suspicion against them at US borders is unfortunate. And, yet I do understand the border officials. Some certain individuals have put a bad name to all muslims that now they have to live with.

Referring to a specific case that was on CNN’s Paula Zahn’s show. IBRAHIM "ABE" DABDOUB, RESIDENT OF OHIO, a US citizen with a family of a few kids and some family in Canada, gets stopped for hours (sometimes shorter sometimes longer) at the US-Canada border EVERY SINGLE time he passes through. And that is a few times a month. “Since last August, he and his wife, separately or together, have returned from Canada 17 times, and he says that, each of those 17 times, they have been detained.” (CNN).
”We followed Abe Dabdoub across the Ambassador Bridge from Windsor, Ontario, to Detroit, where all the stops have happened. At the U.S. checkpoint, sure enough, he is taken out of his car for questioning. We meet up with him after his release.” (Paula Zahn and her CNN news crew).

Now, in your words “The idea, repeated often in the news and official pronouncements, that Kosovo is a democratic entity commited to equal rights for all is a sad joke. God help the non-Albanians there when it gains official autonomy”, I must echo it back for our dear country too:
The saying, repeated often in the news and among our fellow Americans, that US is a free country and the most democratic that promotes freedom and equal rights to anyone, is a sad joke. God help the non-white, non-Christian Americans (let alone foreigners) when they step foot in our soil.”


@lucy

Your “guys" sounds really patronising, like you are the wise woman talking to a bunch of children...
Your whole attitude is still really annoying even after 2 days of saying nothing, like you might be a blameless bystander, with no specialist knowledge or training of the situation, but just by being American and ignorant, white, female, whatever, you are therefore gifted with the power to understand everything including one of the most long-standing and complicated international problems in the world, and have the cheek to present yourself as worthy of being a middleman. Either that or you are so stupid that you think the whole issue is simply a petty dispute between neighbours that a little chat together with a cup of tea or can of diet coke and biscuits (baked by you doubtless, I'm sure you do everything brilliantly) will solve.


She Makes the Effort

At least she makes the effort to try and understand the often common misconceptions Kosovar Albanians and Belgraders have about each other.

What's patronizing is the tone of your posts against anyone who challenges the "conventional wisdom" that Albanians and Serbs should hate each other just because.

Of course she understands that the issues are extremely complex. What she's addressing is the fact that Kosovar Albanians and Belgraders think they live extremely different lives when in reality they live very much alike. She's also addressing the propaganda that keeps these two people ignorant of each other. As stated in the comments above, it's very easy to confuse and contain a populace about another when you keep them ignorant about each other (case in point, the US vs. the USSR). Fear and hate are extremely useful tools and these are used quite effectively in keeping diplomatic dialogue from happening. No one is willing to take a conciliatory attitude towards the situation and the governments of both peoples use fear and hate of each other to keep it that way.